Powinniśmy się bać, wybuch wulkanu na Islandii to dopiero początek
W serwisie Onet.pl dostępny jest artykuł opisujący skutki niedawnej erupcji wulkanu Eyjafjöll na Islandii:
Ziemia co jakiś czas przypomina nam, że tak naprawdę wcale nie kontrolujemy naszej planety. Seria erupcji wulkanicznych na Islandii, która zaczęła się w środę, to właśnie jedno z takich przypomnień. Obserwując jak chmura popiołu zasnuwa północną Europę, całkowicie paraliżując ruch powietrzny nad Skandynawią i Wielką Brytanią, zaczynamy uświadamiać sobie naszą ludzką bezbronność wobec sił natury.
Jak się okazuje, Ziemia pełna jest “superwulkanów”, które śpią ukryte aż do momentu uaktywnienia. Zagrożenie, jakie powoduje ich wybuch, jest niewyobrażalne:
W 2005 grupa robocza (powołana przez Londyńskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne), która badała poziom zagrożenia erupcją superwulkanu, doszła do wniosku, że takie zjawisko mogłoby “doprowadzić do zniszczenia obszaru wielkości Ameryki Północnej lub Europy, a w ciągu kilku lat wywołać całkowitą zmianę klimatu. Wybuch na taką skalę może zrujnować rolnictwo, pozbawić ludzkość dostępu do żywności i zagrozić naszej cywilizacji”.
Erupcje superwulkanów zwykle wiąże się z masowym wymieraniem gatunków, jak choćby z wymieraniem permskim około 250 mln lat temu – z powierzchni Ziemi zniknęło wtedy prawie 90 proc. gatunków organizmów morskich i doszło do powstania trapów syberyjskich.
Wyobraźmy sobie, co może nas czekać! W artykule znajduje się opis skutków erupcji islandzkiego wulkanu, która miała miejsce w XVIII wieku:
Ostatni potężny wybuch na Islandii miał miejsce w 1783. Laki, wulkan szczelinowy sąsiadujący z Grimsvötn, otworzył się i przez osiem miesięcy z ponad setki kraterów wydostawała się lawa i chmury pyłów. Trujący dwutlenek siarki zabił ponad połowę bydła na Islandii i wywołał klęskę głodu, która doprowadziła do śmierci około 10 tys. osób, czyli około jednej czwartej populacji.
Na tym nie koniec, bo toksyczny obłok pyłów wulkanicznych przeniósł się na południe, siejąc spustoszenie w Europie. – Pojawienie się ogromnych ilości dwutlenku węgla przy wyjątkowo niesprzyjających warunkach pogodowych, spowodowało gęstą mgłę, która na kilka miesięcy zasnuła całą zachodnią Europę. W rezultacie, od 1783 do zimy 1784 zmarły tysiące osób – przypomina Jerram. Mgła była tak gęsta, że statki zmuszone były stać bezczynnie w portach całej Europy.
Bolesne skutki erupcji Laki zaobserwowano też w bardziej odległych zakątkach świata. – Mamy dowody, że Laki przyczynił się do klęski nieurodzaju ryżu w Japonii w 1783 i osłabił cyrkulację afrykańskiego i indyjskiego monsunu – mówi Thordarson.
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